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This article studies the innovation effort in India through the education of corporate board members obtained from prestigious STEM higher education institutes known as the Indian Institute of Technology (IITs). Our primary aim is to enquire whether firms with director/s having an IIT-Bachelors’ degree in their corporate boards positively impact the firm’s innovation effort. To answer this question, we build a novel dataset merging two micro-level databases: CMIE-Prowess (firm innovation) and NSE-Infobase (board of directors' characteristics). Based on the sample of 6151 Indian firms for 2006-2015, we find that overall, having board members with IIT-Bachelor’s qualifications do enhance innovation efforts to some extent. However, the positive effect on innovation effort becomes more robust when the director has a research degree over their IIT- Bachelors’ degree. The paper highlights that when it comes to innovation efforts, the dominant narrative of relying solely on IIT-STE M elite undergraduate education (IIT-Bachelor’s) is insufficient and should also focus on and prioritize research education.

This article models the process of structural transformation and catching-up in a demand-led Southern economy constrained by its balance of payments. Starting from the Sraffian Supermultiplier Model, we model a dual-sector small open economy with a traditional and a modern sector, and that interacts with a technologically advanced Northern economy. We propose two (alternative) autonomous elements that define the growth rate of this demand-led economy: government spending and exports. Drawing from the Structuralist literature, productivity in the technologically laggard Southern economy grows by absorbing technology from the Northern economy, by both embodied and disembodied spillovers, and potentially closing the technology gap. The gap affects the income elasticity of exports, bringing a supply-side mediation to the growth rates in line with the Balance of Payments Constrained Model. We observe that a demand-led government policy plays a central role in structural change, pushing t he modern sector to a larger share of employment than what results under export-led growth. Such demand policy is the only way in which partial catching up (in productivity and GDP per capita) can result, and this is facilitated by a global market place in which the balance of payments constraint is relatively soft.

Orientador: Fernando Sarti Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um modelo econômico de corte neokaleckiano com parâmetros de estrutura produtiva, simulá-lo para a economia brasileira e discutir seus resultados à luz de discussões teóricas. No primeiro capítulo do trabalho, serão mapeadas visões acerca das funções de algumas variáveis macroeconômicas sobre sistemas econômicos. Entre tais visões destacar-se-ão as tradições ortodoxa, novo-desenvolvimentista e estruturalista. Em seguida, será introduzido o modelo neokaleckiano de crescimento e distribuição. O objetivo final será analisar possibilidades e impactos da aplicação do modelo neokaleckiano para a economia brasileira para o ano de 2011. Com tal objetivo, será utilizado o modelo descrito por Cimoli, Lima e Porcile (2013) para o curto prazo, que acrescenta aos modelos neokaleckianos tradicionais elementos de estrutura produtiva e mudança estrutural. Os parâmetros do modelo serão calibrados a partir de dados empíricos e calculados por uma metodologia proposta no segundo capítulo. Por fim, serão feitas simulações e interpretados os resultados a partir das visões inicialmente discutidas no primeiro capítulo Abstract: The main objective of this work is to present a neokaleckian model with productive structure parameters and to simulate it to the Brazilian economy. Firstly, I analyze distinct theories on the relationship between macroeconomic variables in an economic system. Secondly, I introduce the neokaleckian model of growth and distribution. Using the the neokaleckian model calibrated to the Brazilian economy for year 2011, I simulate the possible impacts on distinct variables. For this, I use the model described by Cimoli, Lima e Porcile (2013) to the short run. This model adds some elements of production structure and structural change to the traditional neokaleckian models. The parameters were calibrated from empirical data and calculated by a methodology proposed in the second chapter. Finally, simulations are made and the results are interpreted using the macroeconomic visions described in the first chapter Mestrado Teoria Econômica Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

The main objective of this thesis is to understand the causes behind the endogenous volatile behaviour of Latin American economies in a Structuralist perspective. Many distinct authors argue that the repetition of strong boom-bust dynamics is a structural problem in the economic development of Latin America. This research searched for the underlying causes of this behaviour, discussing volatility as an endogenous phenomenon, intrinsic to the characteristics of these fragile economies.This research question was assessed following empirical and theoretical approaches. This thesis is divided in four independent articles. Despite their independence, their topics are considered as different parts of a puzzle, searching to answer the main research questions of this thesis: what are the conditions and causes of structural volatility in Latin America?